Applications
Oil & Gas production
Upstream processes
Characteristics
Produced water is often high flow rates, highly saline, dispersed oil removal etc
On the basis of Advanced Oxidation (AOP) process selection and design studies carried out by Frischmann Process Technology, a full-scale UV/ozone/peroxide plant has been built for the treatment of process effluents from the North Sea Amethyst field. Process schemes involving advanced oxidation processes have also been designed and tested for other oil and gas producers.
Characteristics
Oil sand, coal seam & shale gas processing effluents:
Downstream processes & Petrochemicals
Characteristics
Different types of spent caustic; Low flow rate etc…. Suitable technologies CWAO; Electrodialysis plant
Industrial effluents
Characteristics
Many industrial processes produce effluents contaminated with oils and solids that often cannot be treated fully or economically treated. Industrial factories often discharge water contaminated with toxic chemicals, plastics, resins, and pharmaceutical waste into the environment.
Organic & inorganic/ Newgate Londonderry/ Jubilant/ Dow Chemicals
Liquid waste to Energy
Waste to Energy
Management and treatment of wastes has emerged as a critical challenge in the modern era, where sustainable solutions are sought to address both environmental concerns and growing energy demand. Our R&D team is continuously researching improvements to existing processes and developing disruptive technologies to increase both the level of waste treatment while extracting the maximum benefit, focused on the conversion of liquid waste streams into valuable energy resources.
Liquid wastes which can be converted to energy typically have a high level of organics, and include applications such as sewage and sludge……
Often producers of liquid waste can sell the concentrated permeate as biofuel feedstock, while the treated wastewater can be recycled as industrial process water or indeed reused for agricultural irrigation or even as drinking water.
Frischmann Process Technology can select the best available technology for your application. We help assist you to improve your overall process.
Frischmann Process Technology Experience
Our approach represents a comprehensive and eco-friendly method to convert liquid waste into energy while ensuring minimal environmental impact. The core principle of this approach lies in the utilization of advanced technologies that can efficiently extract energy from different liquid waste sources.
We have considerable experience advising the optimal method to convert waste to energy, with a wide range of technologies.
Suitable Technologies for Waste to Energy Applications Include
Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion is a crucial process which involves a decomposition of organic matter present in liquid waste under oxygen-free conditions, leading to the production of biogas. This biogas primarily consists of methane and carbon dioxide, which can be harnessed to generate electricity and heat.
Thermal Conversion
Thermal conversion technologies, such as pyrolysis and gasification, offer a reliable means of converting liquid waste into syngas, bio-oil, and char. These products can be utilized for electricity generation or as renewable feedstocks in the chemical industry.
Wet Air Oxidation and Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (WAO and CWAO)
Wet air oxidation is an oxidative process that uses high temperature and pressure in the presence of air or oxygen to convert organic compounds in liquid waste into carbon dioxide and water. Depending on the feed composition methane might be produced and recovered. Combination of methane and carbon dioxide, a biogas, can be then harnessed to generate electricity and heat.
Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO):
SCWO is an advanced oxidation process that operates at high temperatures and pressures. It efficiently breaks down complex organic compounds in liquid waste, converting them into simpler and less harmful substances while releasing heat that can be harnessed for energy production.
Hydrothermal Liquefaction:
Hydrothermal liquefaction involves the conversion of wet biomass or organic waste in liquid form into bio-oil under high temperature and pressure conditions.
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs):
MFCs leverage microbial activity to directly generate electricity from liquid waste, making them particularly suitable for low-strength organic waste streams.
Algae Cultivation:
Algae cultivation uses wastewater as a nutrient source to grow algae, which can be harvested and processed to produce biofuels or bioproducts.
Electrochemical Processes:
Electrochemical processes, such as electrocoagulation and electrooxidation, utilize electricity to remove contaminants from liquid waste or convert organic matter into valuable products.
Nutrient Recovery:
Nutrient recovery technologies extract valuable nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, from liquid waste for use in fertilizers or other applications.
Gas Processing & CCS
Characteristics
Gas processing/ coal gasification/ synthetic gas production/ SNG production
Characteristics
Saskpower; Toxic byproducts from CCS Suitable technologies: CWAO/ AOP CO2 & desulphurization processes
Pharmaceutical effluents and medical waste
Blood pilot work
Frischmann Process Technology has provided advanced oxidation process (AOP) selection and design studies for chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, for the treatment of effluents from on-site contaminated land remediation, and for transportable plants for the production of potable water from domestic effluents.
Mining
Characteristics
Flooded mines often are impregnated with heavy metals such as iron, nickel, copper, zinc, lead & cadmium, salts, and other contaminants, which can be difficult and expensive to purify.
MF/ Ion Exchange/ Ceramic High Flux (CHF – link) removes heavy metals and other contaminants to very low ppm levels to achieve relevant local environmental standards for discharge to natural water courses.
CHF can be used as a pre-treatment and protection stage for other technologies such as reverse osmosis and advanced chemical oxidation where it is necessary to reduce the Total Dissolved Solids or organic components in mine water (where potable or irrigation quality water is required).
The CHF process removes heavy metals, salts, suspended solids and suspended liquids, and it also incorporates pH adjustment. Capable of handling very high flow rates, it is more reliable and robust than conventional treatment technologies for Acid Mine Drainage. Dissolved metals are removed by chemical precipitation (usually with alkalis) followed by removal of solid precipitates by the CHF process. This provides a higher degree of removal of the metals than is achieved by conventional processes such as gravity settlement, plate separators, hydrocyclones and centrifuges. A single CHFS plant can replace a complex process train employing such processes. Since the CHF process can remove micron and sub-micron particles, there is usually no need to use flocculants or coagulants.
The plant is modular and can be installed to treat a particular mine or combined as a central processing unit for a basin or sub-group of mines. We have designed treatment solutions with flow rates from 2.4 Ml/d to 120 Ml/d. Aqua Dynamics has a 100mõ/hr CHF pilot plant available for demonstration trials
Agriculture
Characteristics
Fertiliser, run off
Desalination
Characteristics
Fertiliser, run off
Innovate grant summary/ Igas PW for reuse/recycling/ BP irrigation project
Marine effluents
Characteristics
Bilge, ballast, grey, black
Royal Navy, Ballast water programme R&D